ZuriHac 2016 - Low-level Haskell: An Interactive Tour Through the STG

An interactive tour through the Spineless Tagless G-machine, the intermediate language that runs Haskell programs, revealing the low-level programming concepts and optimizations that power the language.

Key takeaways
  • Low-level Haskell programming involves working with the STG (Spineless Tagless G-machine) intermediate language.
  • The STG is an abstract machine that is used to run Haskell programs, and it is not directly related to the final output of a Haskell program.
  • The STG is used to optimize the execution of Haskell programs, and it is the final target of the GHC compiler.
  • In the STG, functions are represented as thunks, which are functions that have not been evaluated yet.
  • The STG is a stack-based language, which means that it uses a stack to store data and functions.
  • The STG has a garbage collector that is used to manage memory and eliminate unreachable code.
  • The STG is a purely functional programming language, and it does not support mutable state or side effects.
  • The STG is used to implement lazy evaluation, which means that expressions are evaluated only when their value is actually needed.
  • The STG is used to implement strict evaluation, which means that expressions are evaluated immediately when they are defined.
  • The STG is used to implement pattern matching, which is a powerful feature of Haskell that allows for concise and expressive code.
  • The STG is used to implement lazy evaluation, which means that expressions are evaluated only when their value is actually needed.
  • The STG is used to implement strict evaluation, which means that expressions are evaluated immediately when they are defined.
  • The STG is used to implement pattern matching, which is a powerful feature of Haskell that allows for concise and expressive code.
  • The STG is used to implement list comprehensions, which are a concise way of defining lists in Haskell.
  • The STG is used to implement anonymous functions, which are functions that are defined without a name.
  • The STG is used to implement lambda functions, which are functions that are defined using the lambda calculus.
  • The STG is used to implement recursive functions, which are functions that call themselves.
  • The STG is used to implement higher-order functions, which are functions that take other functions as arguments.
  • The STG is used to implement closure, which is a function that has access to its own scope.
  • The STG is used to implement lazy evaluation, which means that expressions are evaluated only when their value is actually needed.
  • The STG is used to implement strict evaluation, which means that expressions are evaluated immediately when they are defined.
  • The STG is used to implement pattern matching, which is a powerful feature of Haskell that allows for concise and expressive code.
  • The STG is used to implement list comprehensions, which are a concise way of defining lists in Haskell.
  • The STG is used to implement anonymous functions, which are functions that are defined without a name.
  • The STG is used to implement lambda functions, which are functions that are defined using the lambda calculus.
  • The STG is used to implement recursive functions, which are functions that call themselves.
  • The STG is used to implement higher-order functions, which are functions that take other functions as arguments.
  • The STG is used to implement closure, which is a function that has access to its own scope.
  • The STG is used to implement immutable data structures, which are data structures that cannot be changed after they are created.
  • The STG is used to implement mutable data structures, which are data structures that can be changed after they are created.
  • The STG is used to implement strict evaluation, which means that expressions are evaluated immediately when they are defined.
  • The STG is used to implement lazy evaluation, which means that expressions are evaluated only when their value is actually needed.
  • The STG is used to implement pattern matching, which is a powerful feature of Haskell that allows for concise and expressive code.
  • The STG is used to implement list comprehensions, which are a concise way of defining lists in Haskell.
  • The STG is used to implement anonymous functions, which are functions that are defined without a name.
  • The STG is used to implement lambda functions, which are functions that are defined using the lambda calculus.
  • The STG is used to implement recursive functions, which are functions that call themselves.
  • The STG is used to implement higher-order functions,